Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway

Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway
Industry Railway company
Fate Amalgamation
Successor London and North Western Railway
Founded 9 July 1847
Defunct 1 January 1922
Headquarters Lancashire and Yorkshire
Products Electrification
Parent Manchester and Leeds Railway

The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (L&YR) was a major British railway company before the 1923 Grouping. It was incorporated in 1847 from an amalgamation of several existing railways. It was the third-largest railway system based in Northern England (after the Midland and North Eastern Railways) and the largest whose network was entirely within Northern England.

The intensity of its service was reflected in the 1,650 locomotives it owned – it was by far the most densely-trafficked system in the British Isles with more locomotives per mile than any other company – and that one third of its 738 signal boxes controlled junctions averaging one every 3.5 miles (6 km). No two stations were more than 5.5 miles (9 km) apart and its 1,904 passenger services occupied 57 pages in Bradshaw, a number exceeded only by the Great Western Railway, the London and North Western Railway, and the Midland Railway. It was the first mainline railway to introduce electrification of some of its lines, and it also ran steamboat services across the Irish Sea and North Sea, being a bigger shipowner than any other British railway company.

It amalgamated with the London and North Western Railway on 1 January 1922. One year later, the merged company became the largest constituent of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway.

Contents

Pre-grouping history

The L&YR was incorporated in 1847, being an amalgamation of several important lines, the chief of which was the Manchester and Leeds Railway (itself having been incorporated in 1836).

Constituent companies

The following companies, in order, were amalgamated into the L&YR. The dates shown are, in most cases, the Acts of Parliament authorising the incorporation and amalgamation of each company. In a few instances the effective date is used.[1]

The system

The system consisted of many branches and alternative routes, so that it is not easy to determine the location of its main line. For working purposes the railway was split into three divisions:

Whereas there were various lines between the Central and Western Divisions there was only one route between the Eastern and Central Divisions. This line cut through the Pennines between Lancashire and Yorkshire using a number of long tunnels, the longest of which was Summit Tunnel (2,885 yards (2,638 m) in length) near Rochdale. There were six other tunnels each more than 1,000 yards (914 m) long.

Manchester Victoria railway station

Victoria railway station was one of the largest railway stations in the country, and was the first of four stations to be named Victoria, pre-dating those in London, Sheffield and Nottingham. It occupied 13.5 acres (0.055 km2; 0.0211 sq mi) and had 17 platforms with a total length of 9,332 feet (2,844 m). After the grouping, a structural change led No. 11 platform to run through and join with No. 3 platform in the adjacent Manchester Exchange railway station, at 2,238 feet (682 m) between ramps becoming the longest railway platform in Britain.[3] Lately the station capacity has been reduced to two platforms for Metrolink trams, two bay platforms, and four through platforms under the Manchester Evening News Arena, which now replaces a significant area once occupied by the station. The main facade and station building of the original Hunts Bank station still exist and are kept in relatively good condition.

Electrification

The L&Y was the first in the country to electrify a mainline route. In Liverpool, the Fourth Rail system was used at 600 V DC, although this was later converted to a Third rail system. Suburban lines in the Liverpool area were electrified to reach a total of 37 route miles.

In 1912 Dick, Kerr & Co.'s Preston factory was considering tendering for a Brazilian contract, and approached the L&YR to use the Bury to Holcombe Brook Line for test purposes at Dick, Kerr's expense. The line from Bury Bolton Street Station to Holcombe Brook was electrified with the overhead 3.5 kV DC system, rolling stock was also supplied at their cost. After prolonged trials the trains entered public use on 29 July 1913. The L&YR purchased the equipment and stock on the successful completion of the trials in 1916.

In 1913 a decision was taken to electrify the Manchester to Bury route at 1.2 kV DC in an attempt to overcome competition from trams. Using the Third Rail system, trains powered by electric motor cars (or carriages) began running on 17 April 1916 but as Horwich was by then involved in war work, deliveries of the new electric stock were delayed and it was not until August 1916 that steam trains were withdrawn from the route. In 1920 the L&YR also considered electrifying the Manchester–Oldham–Shaw and Royton lines, but no work was carried out. During 1917 work began to convert the Bury to Holcombe Brook line to a Third Rail system, matching the Manchester to Bury system. Third Rail trains started to run on 29 March 1918.

Livery

L&YR locomotives originally were painted dark green with ornate brass work and copper capped chimneys. Lining was black and white. In 1876 the dark green was changed to a light green and goods engines were painted plain black. 1878 saw the goods locomotives also appearing in light green. This livery was discontinued from 1883 when all locomotives were painted black. Lining was red and white for passenger locomotives and, if present, red only for goods locomotives.

Coaching stock was originally painted teak, changing in 1875 to an overall light brown. In 1879 a decision was made to use 'a little brighter shade'. Finally in June 1881 it was announced that the lower panels were to be painted 'lake colour'. Between 1896 and 1914 the upper panels became buff with the lower in purple-brown, ends were dark brown. Roofs were normally dark grey but some did appear in red oxide.

Wagons were unpainted until 1902 except for the ironwork which was black. After 1902 it was painted dark grey. The illiterate symbol of an inverted solid triangle within a circle was replaced from 1902–3 with the letters LY. Brake vans were black and special traffic wagons were painted in various colours e.g. Gunpowder- red, Fish – white, Butter – pale blue etc.

The football team of the L&YR Carriage and Wagon works at Newton Heath, Manchester, evolved into Manchester United F.C..

Shipping

The L&YR had the largest fleet of all the pre-grouping railway companies. In 1902 the assets of the Drogheda Steam Packet Company were acquired for the sum of £80,000[4] (£6,440,194 as of 2012).[5]

By 1913 they owned twenty six vessels, with another two under construction, plus a further five under joint ownership with the London and North Western Railway. The L&YR ran steamers between Liverpool and Drogheda, Hull and Zeebrugge, and between Goole and many continental ports including Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Hamburg, and Rotterdam. The jointly-owned vessels provided services between Fleetwood, Belfast and Derry.

Ships operated by the L&YR.[6]

Ship Launched Tonnage (GRT) Notes
Berlin 1891[7] 1,090[7] Acquired in 1895 with the takeover of Yorkshire Coal & Steamship Co. Renamed River Ribble in 1916.
Colne 1903 875[8] Sank on 11 March 1906 off the West Maas Lightvessel.[8]
Dearne 1909 984[9] Torpedoed on 22 December 1915 and sunk[9]
Don 1892 939[10] Torpedoed and sunk on 8 May 1915.[10]
Douglas 1907 950[11] Sold in 1937 to G M Mavroleon, Greece and renamed Nepheligeretis. Sold later that year to J A Billmeir and renamed Stancourt. Sold in 1938 to B Athanassiades and renamed Hermes then Suzy. Renamed Ioanna in 1940. Sunk on 1 June 1940 by gunfire from a U-Boat off Cape Finisterre.[11]
Equity 1888 918[12] Bought from Co-Operative Wholesale Society in 1906. Scrapped in December 1931 at Greenock.[12]
Hebble 1891 904[13] Mined and sunk on 6 May 1917.[13]
Hodder 1910 1,016[14] Scrapped in November 1956 at Dunston.[14]
Humber 1903 1,023[15] Sank on 12 February 1912 after a collision with SS Answald off the Elbe No.1 Lightvessel.[15]
Irwell 1906 1,092[16] Scrapped in March 1954 at Gateshead.[16]
Liberty 1900 895[17] Bought from Co-Operative Wholesale Society in 1906. Scrapped at Sunderland in December 1931.[17]
Mersey 1906 1,087[18] Hit a mine on 20 February 1940 and sunk.[18]
Nidd 1900 996[19] Chartered to Great Western Railway in 1932. Scrapped in 1933.
Rawcliffe 1906 866[20] Bought from Wetherall Steamship Co in 1906. Scrapped at Bowness in December 1931.
River Ribble 1891[7] 1,090[7] Renamed in 1906 from Berlin. Scrapped in September 1933 at Gateshead.[7]
Spen 1908 900[21] Scrapped in September 1933 at Middlesbrough.[21]
Unity 1902 1,091[22] Bought from Co-Operative Wholesale Society in 1906. Torpedoed on 2 May 1918 by UB-57 and sunk.[22]

Ships jointly operated with the London and North Western Railway[23]

Ship Launched Tonnage (GRT) Notes and references
Colleen Bawn 1903 1,204 Relegated to cargo service in 1914. Scrapped in 1931.[24][25]
Duke of Albany 1907 2,259 Requisitioned by the Royal Navy as HMS Duke of Albany, an Armed Boarding Vessel. Torpedoed and sunk in 1916.[25]
Duke of Argyll 1909 2,052 Sold in 1927 to Angleterre-Lorraine-Alsace and renamed Alsace. Scrapped in 1937 at Altenwerder, Germany.[25][26]
Duke of Clarence 1892 1,458 Requisitioned by the Admiralty in 1914, returned to LNWR in 1920. Scrapped in 1930.[24][25]
Duke of Connaught 1,082 Scrapped in 1893[24]
Duke of Connaught 1902 1,680 Scrapped in 1934.[25]
Duke of Cornwall 1898 1,540 Sold in 1928 to Isle of Man Steam Packet Company, renamed Rushen Castle. Scrapped in 1948.[25]
Duke of Cumberland 1909 2,052 Sold in 1927 to Angleterre-Lorraine-Alsace, renamed Picard. Sold in 1936 to A Anghelatos, Greece and renamed Heliopolis. Scrapped at Genoa, Italy in 1939.[25][27]
Duke of Lancaster 1895 1,520 Sold to Isle of Man Steam Packet Company in 1912, renamed The Ramsey. Requisitioned by the Royal Navy in 1914. Sank in August 1915 by SMS Meteor.[25][28]
Duke of York 1894 1,473 Sold to Isle of Man Steam Packet Company in 1912 and renamed Peel Castle. Sold in 1930. Scrapped in 1939 at Dalmuir, West Dunbartonshire.[25][29]
Earl of Ulster 1878 1,107 Sold in 1894 to Harland & Wolff[24]
Iverna 1895 995 Acquired with the takeover of Drogheda Steam Packet Company in 1902. Scrapped in 1912.[24][25]
Kathleen Mavourneen 1885 988 Acquired with the takeover of Drogheda Steam Packet Company in 1902. Scrapped in 1903.[24][25]
Lune 1892 253 Used for pleasure trips to Blackpool and Morecambe. Sold to Cosens & Co in 1913, renamed Melcombe Regis. Scrapped in 1920.[25][30]
Mellifont 1903 1,204 Scrapped in 1933[25]
Norah Creina 1878 894 Acquired with the takeover of Drogheda Steam Packet Company in 1902. Scrapped in 1912.[24][25]
Prince Arthur 1864 708 Built as Sheffield for Liverpool & Dublin Steam Navigation Co Ltd. Bought in 1870 and renamed. Sold in 1877 to T Seed Ltd, Fleetwood.[24]
Prince of Wales 1886 1,429> Sold in 1896 to Spain.[24]
Princess of Wales 1870 936 Scrapped in 1896.[24]
Royal Consort 1844 522 Built in 1844 for North Lancashire Steam Navigation Co Ltd. Bought in 1870, scrapped in 1893.[24]
Thomas Dugdale 1873 1,000 Sold in 1883 to Irish National Steamship Co Ltd.[24]
Tredagh 1876 901 Acquired with the takeover of Drogheda Steam Packet Company in 1902. Scrapped in 1904.[24][25]

Accidents

The Burscough Junction Station Crash occurred on 15 January 1880 at the Burscough Junction station on the Liverpool to Preston section of the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway line.[31]

Post-grouping history

The L&YR amalgamated with the London and North Western Railway on 1 January 1922, prior to the 1923 Grouping, which involved the expanded LNWR forming part of the new London Midland and Scottish Railway. The general manager, secretary and chief mechanical engineer positions of the expanded company were taken by L&YR employees. ex-L&YR lines formed the core of the LMS's Central Division.

The LMS did little to develop the former L&YR routes. Nationalisation followed in 1948 followed by a period of rationalisation and modernisation. The L&YR system has survived largely intact, although the following routes have been closed, many within the L&YR's old East Lancashire division:

Most ex-L&YR routes are now operated by Northern Rail. Manchester Victoria station has been rebuilt in a more modest form and retains the former terminal building.

See also

Caldervale Line: a service operated by Metro (West Yorkshire), which uses a large part of the former L&YR.

Notes

  1. ^ Awdry (1990)
  2. ^ Paget-Tomlinson (2006), p. 148–149
  3. ^ Rennison 1996, p. 258.
  4. ^ New Zealand Tablet, 9 January 1902.
  5. ^ UK CPI inflation numbers based on data available from Lawrence H. Officer (2010) "What Were the UK Earnings and Prices Then?" MeasuringWorth.
  6. ^ "Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway, Page 2: East Coast Services – Goole Shipping Co". Simplon Postcards. http://www.simplonpc.co.uk/LMS_LYR2.html. Retrieved 15 December 2009. 
  7. ^ a b c d e ""1098383"" (subscription required). Miramar Ship Index. R.B. Haworth. http://www.miramarshipindex.org.nz. Retrieved 15 December 2009. 
  8. ^ a b ""1114041"" (subscription required). Miramar Ship Index. R.B. Haworth. http://www.miramarshipindex.org.nz. Retrieved 15 December 2009. 
  9. ^ a b ""1122970"" (subscription required). Miramar Ship Index. R.B. Haworth. http://www.miramarshipindex.org.nz. Retrieved 15 December 2009. 
  10. ^ a b ""1098389"" (subscription required). Miramar Ship Index. R.B. Haworth. http://www.miramarshipindex.org.nz. Retrieved 15 December 2009. 
  11. ^ a b ""1122958"" (subscription required). Miramar Ship Index. R.B. Haworth. http://www.miramarshipindex.org.nz. Retrieved 15 December 2009. 
  12. ^ a b ""1091317"" (subscription required). Miramar Ship Index. R.B. Haworth. http://www.miramarshipindex.org.nz. Retrieved 15 December 2009. 
  13. ^ a b ""1098385"" (subscription required). Miramar Ship Index. R.B. Haworth. http://www.miramarshipindex.org.nz. Retrieved 15 December 2009. 
  14. ^ a b {{cite Miramar>id=1128872|accessdate=15 December 2009}}
  15. ^ a b ""1114043"" (subscription required). Miramar Ship Index. R.B. Haworth. http://www.miramarshipindex.org.nz. Retrieved 15 December 2009. 
  16. ^ a b ""1122954"" (subscription required). Miramar Ship Index. R.B. Haworth. http://www.miramarshipindex.org.nz. Retrieved 15 December 2009. 
  17. ^ a b ""1091322"" (subscription required). Miramar Ship Index. R.B. Haworth. http://www.miramarshipindex.org.nz. Retrieved 15 December 2009. 
  18. ^ a b ""1122953"" (subscription required). Miramar Ship Index. R.B. Haworth. http://www.miramarshipindex.org.nz. Retrieved 15 December 2009. 
  19. ^ ""1104228"" (subscription required). Miramar Ship Index. R.B. Haworth. http://www.miramarshipindex.org.nz. Retrieved 15 December 2009. 
  20. ^ ""1122955"" (subscription required). Miramar Ship Index. R.B. Haworth. http://www.miramarshipindex.org.nz. Retrieved 15 December 2009. 
  21. ^ a b ""1122968"" (subscription required). Miramar Ship Index. R.B. Haworth. http://www.miramarshipindex.org.nz. Retrieved 15 December 2009. 
  22. ^ a b ""1113120"" (subscription required). Miramar Ship Index. R.B. Haworth. http://www.miramarshipindex.org.nz. Retrieved 15 December 2009. 
  23. ^ "Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway, Page 1: West Coast Services – L&NWR Joint Services". Simplon Postcards. http://www.simplonpc.co.uk/LMS_LYR1.html. Retrieved 15 December 2009. 
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Feeder Lines – Eastern & North Western Companies + Zeeland & Stena Lines". The Ships List. http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/lines/feeders.html. Retrieved 17 December 2009. 
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway, Page 1: West Coast Services – L&NWR Joint Services". Simplon Postcards. http://www.simplonpc.co.uk/LMS_LYR1.html. Retrieved 15 December 2009. 
  26. ^ ""1127575"" (subscription required). Miramar Ship Index. R.B. Haworth. http://www.miramarshipindex.org.nz. Retrieved 15 December 2009. 
  27. ^ ""1127574"" (subscription required). Miramar Ship Index. R.B. Haworth. http://www.miramarshipindex.org.nz. Retrieved 15 December 2009. 
  28. ^ "Background on HMS Ramsey". Navy News. http://www.navynews.co.uk/ships/ramsey.asp. Retrieved 17 December 2009. 
  29. ^ ""1104233"" (subscription required). Miramar Ship Index. R.B. Haworth. http://www.miramarshipindex.org.nz. Retrieved 15 December 2009. 
  30. ^ "Melcombe Regis (1913–1920)". Simplon Postcards. http://www.simplonpc.co.uk/Cosens2.html#anchor881886. Retrieved 15 December 2009. 
  31. ^ Rosbottom, Ernest (1987) Burscough – The Story of an Agricultural Village. pp.179, 182. Carnegie Press, Preston.
  32. ^ Wells 1995, p. 114.
  33. ^ "Oldham – Rochdale Line". Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive. http://www.gmpte.com/content.cfm?subcategory_id=6029059. Retrieved 10 September 2008. 
  34. ^ "Oldham and Rochdale line – conversion work start date announced". Light Rail Transit Association. 24 September 2008. http://www.lrta.org/Manchester/mlnn2008.html#sep.c. Retrieved 27 October 2008. 
  35. ^ Suggitt, Gordon (2003). Lost Railways of Lancashire. Newbury, Berkshire: Countryside Books. pp. 80–82. ISBN 978-1-85306-801-0. OCLC 52565677. 
  36. ^ Marshall 1981, p. 155

Bibliography

  • Awdry, C. (1990) Encyclopaedia of British Railway Companies, Patrick Stephens Ltd, Wellingborough, ISBN 1-85260-049-7
  • Blakemore, Michael (1984) The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway, Ian Allan, ISBN 0-7110-1401-9
  • Coates, Noel (1997) 150 Years of the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway, Hawkshill Publishing, ISBN 1-900349-11-6
  • Earnshaw, Alan (1992) The Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway: Then & Now, Ian Allan, ISBN 0-7110-2058-2
  • Haigh, A (1978) Railways in West Yorkshire, Dalesman Books, ISBN 0-85206-459-4
  • Marshall, John (1969) The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway, Volume 1, David & Charles, ISBN 0-7153-4352-1
  • Marshall, John (1970) The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway, Volume 2, David & Charles, ISBN 0-7153-4906-6
  • Marshall, John (1972) The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway, Volume 3, David & Charles, ISBN 0-7153-5320-9
  • Mason, Eric (1975) The Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway in the Twentieth Century, 2nd Ed., Ian Allan, ISBN 0-7110-0656-3
  • Nock, O.S. (1969) The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway – A Concise History, Ian Allan, ISBN 0-7110-0130-8
  • Paget-Tomlinson, E.W. (2006) The Illustrated History of Canal & River Navigations, Landmark countryside collection, Ashbourne : Landmark, ISBN 1-84306-207-0
  • Rennison, Robert William (1996). Civil Engineering Heritage. Thomas Telford. ISBN 0-7277-2518-1. http://books.google.com/?id=Bv2BrOMo8cIC 

External links